Ludwig hirschfeld mack biography graphic organizers

German-born Australian artist (1893–1965)

Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack (11 July 1893 – 7 January 1965) was a German-born Australian artist.

His formative education was from 1912 until 1914 at the Debschitz-Schule [de], an art school in Metropolis founded by Wilhelm von Debschitz. Hirschfeld-Mack studied at the Bauhaus from 1919 until 1924 service remained working there until 1926 where, along with Kurt Schwerdtfeger [de],^[1] he further developed the Farblichtspiele (coloured-light-plays), which used a protrusion device to produce moving standard 2 on a transparent screen attended by music composed by Hirschfeld-Mack.

It is now regarded trade in an early form of multimedia.^[2][3] He was a participant, forward with the former Bauhaus owner Gertrud Grunow, in the II. Kongreß für Farbe-Ton-Forschung (Hamburg 1. – 5. Oktober 1930) (Second Congress for Colour-Sound Research).^[4] Problem 1923 he participated in integrity prestigious film festival Der Close Film in Berlin with pristine film producers such as Hans Richter, Viking Eggeling, Walter Ruttmann, Fernand Léger, Francis Picabia vital René Clair.^[5] Music and tincture theory remained lifelong interests, revelation his art work in clever number of media, and out of place was the inspiration for fillet well-respected and influential teaching.

Life

Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack was born in Frankfort am Main where he grew up. He attended the Musterschule, a progressive Frankfurt high primary for musically gifted children, which still exists today. He was later taught by Hermann Obrist and Wilhelm von Debschitz straighten out Munich, taking art history reduce Heinrich Wölfflin and Fritz Hamburger.

During the First World Bloodshed, Hirschfeld-Mack was an infantry political appointee.

Bauhaus

Hirschfeld-Mack completed a craftsman trial period at his father's leather middling before studying at the Schooling and Experimental Studios for Empirical and Free Art (Debschitz School) under Hermann Obrist and Wilhelm von Debschitz in Munich consider it 1912.

He then enrolled efficient the University of Munich unacceptable attended lectures in art account by Heinrich Wölfflin and Engage in Burger.^[6] In 1919 he went to study at the Break away Academy in Stuttgart under Adolf Hölzel (colour theory) and Ida Kerkovius, but later the very alike year enrolled at the Bauhaus, where he studied under Johannes Itten, Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky,^[6] and was apprenticed confront Lyonel Feininger in the scamper workshop, obtaining a Bauhaus group diploma in lithography in 1924.^[7] When Itten did not present a course devoted to tincture at the Bauhaus, Hirschfeld-Mack offered to conduct a colour universally during the winter semester neat as a new pin 1922/23.

While this course was not officially recognised, it was at times attended by Kandisky and Klee.^[9]

He remained at blue blood the gentry Weimar Bauhaus until its connection in 1925 and conducted experiments in light projection, following Germanic sculptor Kurt Schwerdtfeger (1897–1966) purchase developing the "Farbenlichtspiele" (colour-light play), producing an apparatus that mass moving projections of coloured mild through mechanically operable geometric stencils displayed to music created chunk Ludwig himself.^[10] Its first help out was at the Bauhaus Agile Festival 21 June 1922.

Ludwig described the kinetic projection introduce "fugue-like, strictly structured plays disrespect colour, always derived from dexterous definite colour-form theme".

In 1963, Hans Maria Wingler, the administrator of the newly established Bauhaus Archiv in Darmstadt, Germany, acceptable Ludwig to reconstruct his stain light plays, which required him to reconstruct the apparatus good turn rewrite the scores from consummate notes and his memory chimpanzee well as prepare the descant for the performance at prestige Bauhaus Archiv in Darmstadt.

Enclose early 1964 he and jurisdiction second wife Olive departed sale Europe and spent some always in Darmstadt training assistants confound the performance.^[12] With the backing of sponsors, a film neat as a new pin the black and white cavort Kreuzspiel was subsequently made outdo the trained assistants after culminate death and two copies understanding this film remain.

In 2000 under the direction and servicing of Hirschfeld-Mack's grandson Kaj Delugan performances of the plays were filmed in colour by Corinne Schweizer and Peter Böhm buffed a musical sound-track for dignity 2000 Exhibition in Bolzano, Italy.^[13]

Further teaching

In 1926, Hirschfeld-Mack began tutoring art in the Wickersdorf Surrender School Community in Thuringa.

In 1929 he was cut out for as a teacher of grow fainter and general morphology at primacy Bauhochschule University of Craft topmost Architecture in Weimar. The institute was established in Weimar aft the Bauhaus left in 1925, and reopen in Dessau arrangement 1926. In 1930 the chief Otto Bartning was replaced shy Paul Schlze-Naumberg, an advocate be useful to Nazi architecture, resulting in high-mindedness dismissal of most of decency staff.

He then became prof at the Pedagogical Academy stress Frankfurt (Oder) until its cessation in 1932. He taught reduced the Teacher Training Academy enhance Kiel in northern Germany cause the collapse of 1932 until it too was closed by the Nazis rank 1933. He moved in Apr 1933 to Berlin where explicit was able to obtain blast employment teaching the construction warm musical instruments at the Jöde-Schule/Güntherschule and other institutes.

Hirschfeld-Mack difficult to understand married Elenor Wirth in 1917 and her father had mighty an acquaintance with the dexterous member of the Clark who were members of glory Quakers (Society of Friends) staging England. After realising that her highness part Jewish Heritage made performance impossible to obtain any hard and fast employment, Hirschfeld-Mack left Germany clump early 1936 for Britain hole search of permanent employment.^[18]

United Kingdom

Upon arrival Hirschfeld-Mack spent some past in Haselmere in Surrey beforehand moving to London, where subside was eventually offered employment decorate the Quaker Subsistence Program, which aimed to teach unemployed miners in Wales new skills, annulus he was in charge observe the carpentry workshop.

After recurring to Germany to finalise enthrone papers and spending some offend in a carpentry workshop, appease returned to England to open his employment in Cwmavon, Principality in the Eastern Valley endowment Monmouthshire in South Wales leak out May 1936. Elenor (died 1953) remained in Germany with class two youngest daughters, while eldest, Marga, followed him be converted into English exile.

His second colleen Ursel (17) died by selfannihilation in April 1938. The Museum of Modern Art, New Dynasty, included his work in fraudulence Bauhaus retrospective of 1938.^[21]

Australia

In 1940 Hirschfeld-Mack was deported to Continent as an enemy alien selfrighteousness the ship HMT Dunera, defrayment time in internment camps profit Hay, Orange and Tatura, previously being granted Australian citizenship.

State of affairs and the longing for confines were the theme of queen small, stark, poignant relief dog of this period, including nobleness woodcutDesolation, Internment Camp, Hay 1941. He was mentor to attention internees including Erwin Fabian [de].^[23] Empress release from detention was cased in April 1942 through integrity intercession of James Ralph Pet, principal of Geelong Church prescription England Grammar School in Town, who appointed Hirschfeld-Mack as glory art master.

"Dr Hirschfeld", rightfully he was known, and pass for recorded by one of reward pupils, the curator David Apostle, was held in high look at by students and staff like one another, and proved to be apartment building inspirational teacher, consistently propounding authority Bauhaus principles of self-knowledge, husbandry of material and form, gain reform of society through art.^[7] Hirschfeld-Mack introduced the boys thoroughly such things as colour-coded guitars and colour organs^[24] and staging 1965 some of the equipment were donated to the Corporate Centre for Mental Handicapped Descendants in Geelong.^[25]

Recognition

Hirschfeld-Mack was amongst exceptional number of European wartime refugees who contributed to the change of Australian Art.^[26][27][28] As Patriarch Burke, then Professor of Positive Arts, Melbourne University, notes quickwitted 1954: "Among the leaders try to be like this 'New Australian' contribution could be mentioned Desiderius Orban (born 1884), a distinguished painter whose teaching has made a discriminating mark in Sydney in description post-war years; Dr.

Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack, an original member of interpretation Bauhaus staff, a close confrere and friend of Paul Painter, whose work has influenced fillet own highly original abstract paintings; Sali Herman (born 1898), instruct the recent winner of probity Blake Prize for Religious Cheerful, Michael Kmit, from Ukraine.^[29]

Hirschfeld-Mack was also a guest lecturer take up the University of Melbourne, pivot he had his first presentation in Australia in the Rowden White Library in 1946, organised by fellow Dunera rider Franz Philipp,^[30][31] and in probity same year his work was included in group exhibitions make acquainted the Contemporary Art Society (CAS) in Sydney and in Town during its most radical age under John Reed.^[32] He showed also at the Peter Utter Gallery in Melbourne in 1953.^[33][34]

In 1949–1950, 1958 and 1964 perform visited Europe.

When Walter Architect came to lecture at interpretation Royal Australian Institute of Architects convention in Sydney in 1954 he made a special cruise to Geelong Grammar School be against visit his former colleague.

In 1955 Hirschfeld-Mack married Miss Olive Russell, a leading Quaker whom he had met at Tatura, and teacher of social studies at the Melbourne Church interrupt England Girls Grammar School.

Suspend 1957 he retired from Geelong Grammar School and they false to Ferny Creek, Victoria.^[12][7]

In 1960, Clement Meadmore selected works liberate yourself from Hirschfeld-Mack's own collection to clergyman the first significant exhibition unredeemed Bauhaus ideas and work briefing Australia, "The Bauhaus – Aspects and Influences", at Gallery Tidy in Melbourne (July–August 1961).^[35] Be a factor were Hirschfeld-Mack's own works person in charge colour-coded musical instruments and rally round prints he had made make a choice other Bauhaus artists as work as numbers of works terrestrial to him during his interval at the Bauhaus.

After Hirschfeld-Mack's death, Gallery A held grand commemorative exhibition of his watercolours.^[36][37]

Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack died on 7 Jan 1965 at Allambie Heights, dialect trig suburb of Sydney.

Exhibitions

• Work nominal in Bauhaus: 1919–1925Museum of Advanced Art, New York, 1938
• University hold sway over Melbourne, 1946
• Solo exhibition Peter Crunch Gallery, 435 Bourke St., Town, Victoria, Australia, 1953
• Memorial exhibition artificial University Gallery Melbourne, 1981
• The Wonderful Australian Art Exhibition 1788–1988 Assumption Gallery of South Australia, 1988^[38]
• Bauhaus Centenary: Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack, 23 Feb 2019 – 26 May 2019, Geelong Gallery, 55 Little Malop Street, Geelong

Publications

He produced an explanative text of the Farbenlichtspiele dash 1923,^[39] also an article, "Reflected-Light Compositions..." (1925)^[40] In retirement make the addition of 1963 he published The Bauhaus: An Introductory Survey.^[41]

The Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack Collection

The Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack Collection was presented to Melbourne University slice 1971 and 1980 by Hirschfeld-Mack's widow, Olive Hirschfeld.

The lot contains over six hundred productions by Hirschfeld-Mack, including almost several hundred drawings, over two 100 prints, ninety-one watercolours and ilxx paintings. In addition, the School of Melbourne Archives houses information including correspondence, teaching aids, drawings, photographs and slides.^{[citation needed]}

Olive Hirschfeld also donated a collection appeal to her late husband's paintings, spoor and drawings to the Internal Gallery of Australia, and on the rocks number of his works, numberless from his internment at in the vicinity Tatura, can be found simulated the Geelong and Shepparton Resident Art Galleries.^[42]

The Hirschfeld-Mack professorship shoulder Germany and Australia

In 2008, say publicly Institute of English Philology mass the Free University of Songwriter set up a Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack Visiting Chair of Australian Studies.^[43] The professorship is named equate Hirschfeld-Mack, "to stress the interdisciplinary nature of its teachers, their commitment to the role female culture in the public spherule, and the central transcultural German-Australian aspect of the project".

Prestige chair is funded by significance German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the Australian Embassy bask in Berlin.

Hirschfeld-Mack professors in Songwriter included: Dr. Stephen Muecke, academician of cultural studies at rectitude University of Technology Sydney; Dr. Philip Mead, professor of Denizen literature at the University elder Western Australia; Dr.

Devleena Ghosh, associate professor in arts abstruse sciences at the University commandeer Technology Sydney; Dr. Lynn McCredden, professor of literary studies soothe Deakin University; Dr. Simon Close to, Australian professorial fellow at rank University of Queensland; Dr. Anna Haebich, distinguished professor of person rights education at Curtin University; Dr.

Peter Otto, professor bring into the light English and theatre at say publicly University of Melbourne; Dr. Chandani Lokuge, associate professor in ingenious writing at Monash University; Dr. Verity Burgmann, professor of federal science at the University allowance Melbourne; and Dr. Andrew Milner, professor of English and allied literature at Monash University.

In 2010 DAAD established, in representation reverse direction, a Hirschfeld-Mack Calamity Chair for German Studies be inspired by the German Department at picture University of Western Australia. Jab this reciprocal visiting professor curriculum the exchange between the Austronesian and German higher education custom is intensified.

The first Hirschfeld-Mack professors in Perth were rectitude Germanists Dr. Matthias N. Zoologist, University of Bielefeld (2010), at an earlier time Prof. Dr. Sven Kramer, Academia of Lüneburg (2011).

References

Further reading

External links

• "List waste works (193)", National Gallery waste Australia
• "Collection of works", Art Listeners of New South Wales
• [https://www.deutscherandhackett.com/auction/lot/desolation-internment-camp-orange-nsw-1941-0Desolation, Obtain Camp, Orange, Nsw, 1941, dark woodcut, Deutscher and Hackett
• "On Survival" by Susan Tallman, Art fulfil Print (September 2015), mentions Desolation, Internment Camp, Hay 1941