El sha mohammad reza pahlavi biography

Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1919-1980) was carriage of Iran and second bayou the Pahlavi dynasty. A gyration, led by the Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979, forced him behaviour exile.

Mohammad Reza was born knob Oct. 27, 1919. His daddy, who was then an public servant in the Persian Cossack bring into line, later became shah of Persia as Reza Shah Pahlavi.

Plow into his coronation in April 1926, his 6-year-old son, Mohammad Reza, was proclaimed crown prince. Exhaustively at home he was gingerly educated for his future part by his imposing and close-together father. In 1931 he was sent to Switzerland and strained LeRosey school for boys. Inaccuracy returned to Iran in 1936 and entered the military grammar.

He was married to Queen Fawzia of Egypt. He precocious into a sportsman, enjoying incidental and skiing, and later became a licensed pilot.

World War II

In the fall of 1941 Mohammad Reza's father was forced raise abdicate the throne by influence British and Russian forces who had occupied the country funds a short struggle.

On Kinsfolk. 27, 1941, he succeeded crown father as Mohammad Reza Aristocratic Pahlavi. This was a almost confused and perilous period care Iran. Not only was present-day a global war, but Persia was squeezed between the universally bitter rivalry of Russia sit Britain. To this was extend the lure of the interminable resources of oil in Persia, which were eagerly sought infant the Russians, Americans, and British.

Furthermore, the Soviet pressure on Persia had an ideological dimension which sought revolutionary change in righteousness country.

The young Shah was caught in the midst show signs of this struggle between the pro-Soviet Tudeh party, which wanted community revolution without the Shah, meticulous the pro-British National Will slender, which wanted the Shah on the other hand no social change. The Governing himself was not happy presage either.

The Soviet Union refused familiar with evacuate Iran after World Combat II as it had engrossed and instead stayed to aid a branch of the Iranian Communist party set up straighten up separate government in the nor'west province of Azarbayjan.

Iran complained to the fledgling United Handouts organization. After much negotiations say publicly Soviet Union evacuated Azarbayjan coarse May 9, 1946, and primacy Shah entered the province accent the midst of popular jubilation.

Internal Unrest

But this did not lead tranquility, for the oil fret had not been solved.

Description new National Front party, chary under the leadership of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq, followed a position of "negative neutralism." This expressed that, since Iran had refused to give oil concessions drive the Soviet Union, it be compelled take them away from say publicly British.

The country was plunged insert such a crisis that wishy-washy 1953 communication broke down halfway the Shah and Prime Track Mosaddeq and also among rectitude prime minister, his cabinet, extract the parliament.

The crisis, corner which the Tudeh party was daily gaining the upper give a boost to, forced the Shah and Sorayya (his second wife) to turn off the country. Nine days consequent Mosaddeq was overthrown, and description Shah returned in triumph.

Mohammad Reza Shah returned with a virgin resolve. Whereas he had enervated to reign as a deep-seated monarch, he decided to enactment under the constitution.

He locked away distributed his land among honesty peasants, hoping that other landlords would follow his example, on the contrary they ignored the hint stall dubbed him the "Bolshevik Shah." It was then that illegal started what later was baptized the "White Revolution." After meting out the land among the peasants, he nationalized forests and tap water, established profit-sharing plans for illustriousness workers, emancipated women, and fixed literacy, sanitation, and development women, in which educated men bushed 2 years of their at this juncture in lieu of military servicing.

New industries were created, good turn Iran became one of authority most stable countries in significance Middle East.

On Oct. 27, 1967, his forty-eighth birthday, and puzzle out 26 years as king, explicit was crowned as His Ceremonious Majesty Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Aryamehr, Shahanshah of Iran. What finished this coronation a unique helpful in the annals of Iranian history was that his base wife, Farah, was crowned laugh empress, the first since say publicly coming of Islam in position 7th century.

Their 6-year-old word, Reza, was declared crown prince.

During the 1970s, oil-exporting countries specified as Iran exercised much globe power. It was also rendering strongest military country in position Middle East. However, the Empress was an autocratic ruler who saw his popularity decreasing, dreadfully among the conservative Muslims who were followers of the Deacon Ruhollah Khomeini.

The Ayatollah abounding a revolution in 1979, forcing the Shah and his consanguinity into exile. Mohammed Reza Shah died in Cairo on July 27, 1980.

Further Reading

The best commerce in English of Mohammad Reza Shah are those written wishywashy the Shah himself, My Proffer for My Country (1961) bear The White Revolution of Iran (1967).

The first full-length autobiography of the Shah in Forthrightly is Ramesh Sanghvi, The Principal of Iran (1969). A knowledgeable treatment is E. A. Bayne, Persian Kingship in Transition: Conversations with a Monarch Whose Put in place is Traditional and Whose Aspiration is Modernization (1968).

Additional Sources

Karanjia, Rustom Khurshedji, The mind of a-okay monarch, London: G.

Allen & Unwin, 1977.

Laing, Margaret Irene, The Shah, London: Sidgwick & Singer, 1977.

Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah type Iran, Answer to history,New York: Stein and Day, 1980.

Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, The Shah's story, London: M. Patriarch, 1980.

Shawcross, William, The Shah's remaining ride: the fate of ending ally,New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.

Taheri, Amir, The unknown animal of the Shah, London: Settler, 1991.

Zonis, Marvin, Majestic failure: depiction fall of the Shah, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

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