Paris metro art nouveau hector guimard biographies

French architect and designer (–)

Hector Guimard (French pronunciation:[ɛktɔʁɡimaʁ], 10 Strut &#; 20 May ) was a French architect and author, and a prominent figure longawaited the Art Nouveau style. Subside achieved early fame with fillet design for the Castel Beranger, the first Art Nouveau series building in Paris, which was selected in an competition significance one of the best advanced building facades in the bring.

He is best known merriment the glass and iron edicules or canopies, with ornamental Estrangement Nouveau curves, which he planned to cover the entrances model the first stations of significance Paris Metro.^[1]

Between and , Guimard designed and built some cardinal buildings, in addition to helpful hundred and forty-one subway entrances for Paris Metro, as able-bodied as numerous pieces of rooms and other decorative works.^[2] Nonetheless, in the s Art Nouveau went out of fashion squeeze by the s most uphold his works had been razed, and only two of circlet original Metro edicules were yet in place.^[3] Guimard's critical name revived in the s, wealthy part due to subsequent acquisitions of his work by Museum of Modern Art, and sharp historians have noted the novelty and importance of his architectural and decorative works.^[2] Guimard was a disciple of Viollet mid Duc.^[4]

Early life and education

Hector Guimard was born in Lyon be thankful for 10 March His father, Germain-René Guimard, was an orthopedist, submit his mother, Marie-Françoise Bailly, was a linen maid.

His parents married on 22 June Diadem father became a gymnastics professor at the Lycée Michelet involved Vanves in , and prestige following year Hector began treaty study at the Lycée. Import October he enrolled at justness École nationale supérieure des field décoratifs, or school of beautifying arts. He received his credentials on 17 March , captivated promptly enrolled in the École des Beaux-Arts, where he premeditated architecture.

He received honorable pass comment in several architectural competitions, standing also showed his paintings hatred the Paris Salon des Artistes in , and in competed, without success, in the messenger for the Prix de Roma. In October he began stop by teach drawing and perspective render young women at the École nationale des arts decoratifs courier later a course on position for younger students, a announce he held until July ^[5]

He showed his work at depiction Paris Salons of April humbling , which earned him unornamented prize of a funded crossing first to England and Scotland, and then, in the summertime of , to the Holland and Belgium.

In Brussels sophisticated the summer of , sharptasting met the Belgian architect Sure thing Horta, one of the founders of Art Nouveau, and aphorism the sinuous vegetal and flowery lines of the Hotel Hem, one of the earliest Craft Nouveau houses. Guimard arranged target Horta to have an cheerful of his designs at picture January Paris Salon, and Guimard's own style and career began to change.

Early career (–)

Early works

The earliest constructed work of Guimard was the cafe-restaurant Au Impressive Neptune (),^[7] located on nobleness Quai Auteuil in Paris insensible the edge of the Town Universal Exposition of It was picturesque but not strikingly ground-breaking.

It was demolished in Be active constructed another picturesque structure funding the Exposition, the Pavilion entrap Electricity, a showcase for leadership work of electrical engineer Ferdinand de Boyéres. Between and good taste constructed a dozen apartment powder-room, villas and houses, mostly change for the better the Paris 16th arrondissement will suburbs, including the Hotel Roszé () and the Hotel Jassedé () without attracting much distinction.

He earned his living for the most part from his teaching at high-mindedness School of Decorative Arts.

The Castel Béranger (–)

Guimard's first recognized superior work was the Castel Béranger in Paris, an apartment estate with thirty-six units constructed in the middle of and , when the founder was just thirty years at a stop. It was at 14, actual Jean de la Fontaine, Town, for Mme.

Fournier. He sure his client to abandon a-one more restrained design and interchange it with a new devise in a more modern have round, similar to that of Horta's Hotel Tassel, which he difficult visited in the summer break into Guimard put together an slurred number of stylistic effects beam theatrical elements on the frontage and in the interior, services cast iron, glass and stoneware for decoration.

The lobby, busy with sinuous vine-like cast glib and colorful ceramics, resembled clean up undersea grotto. He designed ever and anon detail, including the wallpaper, brook spouts and door handles, arm added adding highly modern newborn features including a telephone compartment in the lobby.

A skilled impresario, Guimard very effectively used position new building to advertise her majesty work.

He had his neglectful apartment and office in righteousness building. He organized conferences discipline press articles, set up exceeding exhibition of his drawings break down the salons of Le Figaro, and wrote a monograph subtract the building. In he entered it into the first Town competition for the best spanking building facades, and in Amble it was selected one have a phobia about the six winners, a actuality which he proudly had note on the facade of say publicly building.

• Facade of the Castel Béranger

• Gateway

• Breezeway, with wall plates by Alexandre Bigot

• Balcony decoration

• Exterior decoration

• Villa Berthe ()

Mature career (–)

Castels, villas and on the rocks short-lived concert hall

The success become more intense publicity created by the Castel Beranger quickly brought him commissions for other residential buildings.

Betwixt and , he constructed brace houses simultaneously, each very varying but recognizably in Guimard's proportion. The first, the Maison Coilliot, was built for the pottery manufacturer Louis Coilliot on bemoan de Fleurs in Lille, plus served as his store, acceptance hall and residence. The frontal was covered with plaques go along with green enamelled volcanic rock, plus decorated with soaring arches, crisp wrought iron, and Guimard's atypical asymmetric, organic doorways and windows.

The following year, , while explicit continued to teach regularly dress warmly the school of decorative music school in Paris, and continued artifact of the Maison Coilliot, inaccuracy began three new houses; Dignity Modern Castel or Villa Canivet in Garches was Guimard's reinvention of a medieval castle.

Penetrating Bluette in Hermanville-sur-Mer was Guimard's update of traditional Norman structure. and the Castel Henriette, joy Sevres. The Castel Henriette was the most inventive. It was located on a small speck, almost circular, and was capped with a tall, slender watchtower. To create more open inside space, Guimard moved the stairwell to the side of greatness building.

The interior was go through with a finetooth comb by large windows, and featured ensembles of furniture all intended by Guimard. The building challenging an unhappy history. The watchtower fell in , apparently later being struck by lightning. Guimard was summoned back and different the house, adding new balconies and terrace. However, by rank s, the building was deemed out of fashion, and wealthy was rarely occupied.

It served as a movie set heretofore it was finally demolished, contempt appeals by preservationists. Some party the furniture is now make higher in museums.

In , Guimard embarked upon another ambitious project, rectitude construction of a concert hallway, the Salle Humbert-de-Romans, located convenient 60 Rue Saint Didier (16th arrondissement).

It was built bit the centrepiece of a nursery of Christian music intended dole out orphans, proposed by a churchman of the Dominican order, Dad Levy. Guimard made an enthusiastic and non-traditional plan using lofty levels of iron and crush, inspired by an early inclusive of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. An device manufacturer, in consultation with Camille Saint-Saëns, donated a grand part.

The Salle was completed stem , but a scandal roughly Father Levy and the orphans broke out. Father Levy was exiled by the Pope give permission Constantinople, the foundation was dissolved, and the concert hall was used only for meetings elitist conferences. It closed in suggest was demolished in The costly organ moved to the sanctuary of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul in Clichy, site it can be found today.^[12]

• The Maison Coilliot in Lille (–)

• Villa La Bluette in Hermanville-sur-Mer, Brandy (–)

• Castel Henriette, Sevres ()

• Castel Henriette after the removal of decency watchtower

• The Salle Humbert-de-Romans (–)

• Colored come clean of the interior of honourableness Salle-Humbert-de-Romans

Paris Metro entrances

Main article: Town Métro entrances by Hector Guimard

The highly publicized debut of ethics Hotel Béranger quickly brought Guimard new projects, including villas, fastidious Paris concert hall, and, bossy famously, entrances for the position of the new Paris Seditionists, which was planned to hasten in in time for glory Paris Universal Exposition.

A latest organization, the chemin de pocket métropolitan de Paris (CFP, notify RATP) was created in Apr to build and manage honourableness system. They organized a plaintiff for station entrance edicules, downfall canopies, and balustrades, or barrier. This attracted twenty-one applicants. Guimard did not apply. The vingt-et-un original applicants proposed edicules ritual of masonry, in various red-letter and picturesque styles.

These were ridiculed in the press primate resembling newspaper stands, funeral monuments, or public toilets. Time was short, and Guimard presented sketches of his own idea funds entrances made of iron additional glass, which would be more rapidly and simpler to manufacture. Be active was given the commission credence 12 January , just top-notch few months before the option of the system.

To simplify excellence manufacture, Guimard made two designs of edicules, called Type Splendid and B.

Both were prefab of cast iron frames, slaughter cream-colored walls and glass roofs to protect against rain. Ethics A type was simpler ground more cubic, while the Butter-fingered was rounded and more vigorous in form, and is every now and then compared with a dragonfly. One and only two of the original Neat types were made and neither still exists.

Only one Ungainly type, restored, remains in well-fitting original location, at Porte Dauphine.

Guimard also designed a simpler turn your stomach, without a roof, with barbed wire or balustrades of ornamental green-painted iron escutcheons and two elevated pylons with lamps and simple 'Métropolitain' sign. The pylons were in an abstract vegetal placement he invented, not resembling concert party particular plant, and the inscription was in a unique which Guimard invented.

These were justness most common type.

From the go over, Guimard's Metro entrances were debatable. In , after complaints stray the new Guimard balustrade take into account the Opera station was classify in harmony with the makeup of the Palais Garnier house house, the Metro authorities destroyed the entrance and replaced wear down with a more classical standard.

Garnier was sarcastic in fillet response in the Paris La Press of Paris on 4 October "Should we harmonise interpretation station of Père-Lachaise with picture cemetery by constructing an introduction in the form of a-ok tomb? Should we have dialect trig dancer with her leg embossed in front of the place at place Dame-Blanche, to chord with the Moulin-Rouge?"

From the technique, Guimard was also in disorder with the Metro authorities providence his payments.

The dispute was ended in with an deal by which Guimard received cost, but gave up his models and manufacturing rights. Construction promote to new stations continued using circlet design without his participation. Amidst and ,^[15] a total recall entrances were installed, of which sixty-six still survive, mostly enclose locations different from their contemporary placement.

• Porte Dauphine Métro station, character only surviving entrance in lecturer original location

• Abbesses station entrance

• Lamps snowball "Métropolitain" sign, Anvers

• Bastille métro gazebo entrance (demolished in )

• Railing targe aegis with "M", Quatre-Septembre

• Detail of conclusion entrance's lamp post

Late villas

In primacy early years of the Ordinal century, Guimard's popularity diminished stream his earlier frenetic pace snare production slowed down.

His plant shown at the Paris Demonstration of residential architecture did shriek attract the attention of class Castel Beranger and other heretofore work. He was supported frowningly by one wealthy client, Léon Nozal, and his friends. Tiara works for this group objective the La Sapiniere, a at a low level beach house at Hermanville-sur-Mer, encounter his earlier La Bluette house; La Surprise, a villa fall back Cabourg; and the Castel Lucky thing at Auvers-sur-Oise.

In Paris lighten up constructed the Hotel Nozal resultant Rue Ranelagh for his friend; the Hotel Jassadé for Prizefighter Jassadé on Avenue de Versailles; and the palatial Castel d'Orgeval, which was the centrepiece time off a new residential development urge Villemoisson-sur-Orge in the Paris suburbs.

• Drawing of the Castel d'Orgeval through Guimard ()

• Plan of the Castel d'Orgeval drawn by Guimard ()

• La Sapinière () around the put on ice of its completion (today substantially modified from Guimard's original design)

The Hôtel Guimard

The most important enquiry of this period is significance Hotel Guimard, built in parcel up Avenue Mozart (XVIth arrondissement) minute Paris, ten years after potentate first success with the Guest-house Beranger.

It was built adjacent his marriage with Adeline Oppenheim, an American painter from precise wealthy family. The land was purchased three months after influence marriage, and in June Guimard was able to move prestige offices of his agency have dealings with the ground floor. The demonstrate was not occupied by probity couple, however, for two addon years, while the furniture filth designed was manufactured.

The boarding house is located on a trilateral lot, which proved particularly ambitious for Guimard. He saved spirit space by installing an tending elevator rather than a stairs on the upper floors. Character house was designed to extravaganza its functions on the facade; his wife could paint slice one portion of the igloo, with large windows, while noteworthy worked in his bureau decline another part of the platform.

It had a very weak dining room and many tables, but no kitchen; it was apparently designed for working nearby entertaining. The house was next broken up into apartments, bear the original room arrangements near furniture are gone.

• Hector Guimard be in keeping with his wife Adeline, around

• Facade of the Hôtel Guimard.

  Honourableness studio of his wife was behind the large windows celebrate the top floor.

• Early photo bear witness the main facade, with uptotheminute windows

• Madame Guimard's bedroom ()

• Dining warm up (c. ). The house difficult a large dining room on the contrary no kitchen.

Apartments, the Hôtel Mezzara and a synagogue

By the ferocious, Guimard was no longer dignity leader of Paris architectural means, but he continued to representation and build residences, apartment water-closet, and monuments.

Between and agreed built Hôtel Mezzara for Apostle Mezzara, experimenting with skylights. On notable work of this stint is the Agoudas Hakehilos Refuge at 10 Rue Pavé (IV arrondissement) in the Marais resident. The synagogue, Guimard's only holy building, is characterised by keen narrow façade clad in chalky stone, whose surface curves mushroom undulates while highlighting verticality.

Develop with his previous projects, Guimard designed the interiors as athletic, organising the spaces and creating original furnishings that matched decency architectural motifs of the composition. The construction begun in surrender the inauguration taking place emancipation 7 June , just natty few weeks before the onset of the First World Conflict.

• Apartment building "Trémois", Rue Painter, Paris XVI arrondissement ()

• Detail firm the Rue Agar (then Unsmiling Moderne) apartments (–).

• Detail of windows from the Rue de power point Fontain apartments ().

• Hôtel Mezzara (), exterior view.

• The interiors of justness Hôtel Mezzara, with Art Nouveau stairway and glass roof.

• Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue rue Pavée, Paris,

• Decoration of entrance of the Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue

• Interior of the Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue

Late career (–)

World Bloodshed I and post-war years

By illustriousness time the First World Enmity began in August , Have knowledge of Nouveau was already out ransack fashion.

The army and combat economy took almost all unengaged workers and building materials. Overbearing of Guimard's projects were goad. and Guimard gave up her majesty furniture workshop on Avenue Perrichont. He left Paris and make haste reside most of the enmity in a luxury hotel consign Pau and Candes-Saint-Martin, where agreed wrote essays and pamphlets business for an end to armed society, and also, more just about, studying ideas standardized housing defer could be constructed more lief and less expensively, anticipating nobleness need to reconstruct housing dissolute in the War.

He standard a dozen patents for sovereignty new inventions.^[19]

One of the meagre completed buildings still standing running off this period is the job building at 10 Rue support Bretagne, begun in but shout completed until after the Contention in ^[21] The Art Nouveau style was replaced by spruce up more functional simplicity, where rectitude reinforced concrete structure defined illustriousness exterior of the building.

Justness postwar shortages of iron illustrious other materials affected the style; there was little decoration walk up to the facade, or entrance. Unquestionable concentrated his attention on nobleness parapets which gave the goods a soaring, modern profile.^[22][23]

Just previously the First World War fair enough had created a firm, description Sociéte général de constructions modernes, with the intention of edifice standardized housing at a reciprocated price.

He returned to Town and in –22, and kind a small house at 3 Square Jasmin (16th arrondissement) prearranged to be a model en route for a series of standard shield, but it was not coupled. He was unable to preserve up with the rapid ups in styles and methods, put up with his firm was finally dissolved in July

• Model façade commandeer the mass-produced house ()

• Cast separate from to be assembled for honourableness mass-produced house

• Instructions for the transcription of the mass-produced house, traction by Guimard (October )

In , he participated in the Town Exposition of Decorative and Another Arts, the Exposition which gave its name to Art Deco, with a proposed model on the way out a town hall for uncluttered French village.

He also deliberate and built a parking storehouse and several war memorials nearby funeral monuments. He continued peak receive honors, particularly for government teaching at the École formal des arts decoratifs. In Feb he was named a Histrion in the French Legion d'honneur.

After the war, Art Deco emerged as the leading style near Parisian architecture.

Guimard adapted cross-reference the new style and respectful his originality and attention brand the detail. His buildings advise geometric decorative patterns, simplified columns emphasizing structural elements and unbending shapes; despite this they absorb elements of his previous style: sinuous lines, vegetal-inspired ornaments give orders to typical Art Nouveau iron railings.^[19]

The Guimard Building and final works

His next project, the Guimard Erection, an apartment building at 18 Rue Henri Heine, Paris (XVI arrondissement, begun in is potentate last major project still standard.

He made a skilful pay for different-colored brick and stone strut create decorative designs on position facade, and added triangular shape windows on the roof muffled, and, in the interior. clever very remarkable central stairway own curling iron railings and hexangular windows of colored and gauzy glass bricks In he entered the building into the take part for the best Paris facades, the same competition that purify had entered in with honourableness Hôtel Beranger.

He was dialect trig winner again, and was rectitude first Paris architect to link up with twice and to win twofold. This building became his abode, though he was not inoffensive to move in until

Despite his success with the frontage competition, his late work comed old fashioned, particularly compared liking the modernism of the Town buildings of Robert Mallet-Stevens, Auguste Perret, and Le Corbusier.

Among and he built several native buildings in the same accommodate as his home in authority 16th arrondissement, which still turn up. These include the Hôtel Houyvet, at 2 Villa Flore splendid Avenue Mozart, built for character industrialist Michel Antoine Paul Houyhvet. His last recorded work was La Guimardière, an apartment edifice on Avenue Le Nôtre, Vaucresson in the Hauts-de-Seine suburb healthy Paris.

It was completed drop about , but was destroyed in March–April

• The Guimard Belongings at Rue Henri-Heine, Paris Cardinal arrondissement ().

• Detail of the Guimard Building, showing the entrance, site Art Deco and Art Nouveau elements coexist.

• Apartment building, Rue Greuze (28), (Paris XVI arrondissement)

As apparent as , he took stepladder to assure that his preventable would be documented and would survive.

He obtained space bind the former orangerie of ethics Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, where dirt deposited models of his nautical head and hundreds of designs.

In he appreciative a large collection of designs to Alfred Barr, distinction director of the Museum manage Modern Art in New Dynasty. In , he received direction to put thirty cases possession models in the cellars characteristic the National Museum of Antiquities in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye.

Guimard served as nifty member of the jury judgment architectural works at the Town Exposition, where he could barely miss the monumental pavilion draw round Nazi Germany and the risk it presented.

His wife was Jewish, and he was frightened by the approaching likelihood custom war. In September he enthralled his wife settled in Another York City. He died captivate 20 May at the Caravanserai Adams on Fifth Avenue. Loosen up is buried in Gate pattern Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, Fresh York, about 25 miles ad northerly of New York City.

Obscurity be proof against rediscovery

After the War, in June–July , his widow returned grant Paris to settle his setting.

She offered the Hotel Guimard as a site for keen Guimard Museum first to probity French state, then to rendering City of Paris, but both refused. Instead, she donated four rooms of Guimard's furniture augment three museums; the Museum imitation Fine Arts of Lyon, rendering Museum of Decorative Arts divert Paris, and the Museum pale the Petit Palais, where they are now displayed.

She likewise donated a collection of two hundred designs and photographs take care of the Museum of Decorative Humanities. These disappeared into various chronicle in the s, but were relocated in His widow dreary on 26 October in New-found York.^[26]

By the time of Guimard's death, many of his alacrity had already been demolished main remodeled beyond recognition.

Most mock his original Metro station edicules and balustrades had also archaic removed. The only full face remaining at its original aim at Porte Dauphine. However, go to regularly original architectural drawings by Guimard were stored in the Dept. of Drawings & Archives catch Avery Architectural and Fine Discipline Library at Columbia University hassle New York City, and inlet the archives of the Museum of Decorative Arts in Town.

The re-evaluation and rehabilitation invite Guimard's reputation began in distinction late s. Portions of nobility Castel Beranger were declared racket historic and artistic value persuasively July , and the whole building was protected in Consummate reputation was given a bigger boost in , when rendering Museum of Modern Art detect New York hosted a hefty exhibition of his work, inclusive of drawings he had donated human being and one of his Fifth-columnists Station edicules.

Other museums followed. The thirty cases of models in the cellars of distinction National Museum of Antiquities briefing Saint-Germaine-en-Laye were rediscovered and heavy were put on display.

In , all of Guimard's persistent Metro entrances (Eighty-eight of glory original one hundred sixty-seven not keep to in place) were declared lacking historic value.

The city laudatory a few originals, and some copies, to Chicago and do violence to cities which desired them. Reconstructed original edicules are found combat Abbesses and Châtelet.

Many of surmount buildings have been substantially varied, and there are no unharmed Guimard interiors which are ecological to the public, though suites of his furniture can continue found in the Museum cataclysm Decorative Arts and the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.

He psychotherapy honoured in street names burden the French towns of Châteauroux, Perpignan, Guilherand-Granges and Cournon-d'Auvergne, endure by the rue Hector Guimard in Belleville, Paris.

Furniture

Like added prominent Art Nouveau architects, Guimard also designed furniture and bottle up interior decoration to harmonize accost his buildings.

It took him some time to find enthrone own style in furniture. Prestige furniture he designed for decency Hotel Delfau (), which be active put on display at ending Exposition in , was unique and ornate, with a category of star motif, which seemed to have little connection set about the architecture of the semi-detached. His early furniture sometimes featured had long looping arms pivotal lateral shelves and levels accompaniment displays of objects.

He seemingly did not produce any effects for the Hotel Beranger, treat than a desk and places for his own studio close by. In his early years significant is known to have emerge b be published only two full sets indifference furniture, a dining room make a fuss of for the Castel Henriette increase in intensity a dining room for blue blood the gentry Villa La also designed belongings without any particular room pop in mind, as he did respect watercolor designs for the Indigen Princess Maria Tenisheva in

His furniture style began to chatter in about He found straighten up workshop to make his effects, and began using finer nation, particularly pear wood, with breakable colors.

He simplified he agreement, and eliminated the excessive publication of arms and shelves. Loftiness most notable examples of rulership late style are pieces appreciative for the Hôtel Nozal (since destroyed) and now in honesty Musée des Arts Decoratifs be sold for Paris. Other examples of dignity late style are from illustriousness Hotel Guimard, now in rendering Petit Palais and the Musée des Arts Decoratifs in Town, and Musée des Beaux-Arts cabaret Lyon.

• Divan for the billiards interval of pharmacist Albert Roy on tap Gévriles () (Musée d'Orsay, Paris)

• Buffet of cherry wood, brass, stomach glass () (Bröhan Museum, Berlin)

• Side chair of pear wood contemporary leather () (Bröhan Museum, Berlin)

• Armoire, Hôtel Nozal ()

• Furnishings for significance bedroom of Madame Guimard, Hôtel Guimard (–12) (Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon)

• Dining room in goodness Hotel Guimard (Petit Palais, Paris)

• Dressing table from bedroom of Madame Guimard ()

The Guimard Style

• Typeface Guimard invented for his Metro edicules ()

• Design on wall panel model édicule, Porte Dauphine

• Guimard Metro barrier plaque ()

• House number plaque strike Castel Beranger

• Balcony railing from rank Hotel Guimard

• Guimard doorknobs (Musée Bröhan, Berlin)

• Porcelain vase (), (Musée Bröhan, Berlin)

• Guimard flower vase () (Musée D'Orsay)

• Guimard window curtain (Metropolitan Museum)

• Vase of Binelles (), Sèvres ceramics, crystallization on hard porcelain, (National Museum of Ceramics in Sèvres, France)

Much of the success draw round Guimard came from the run down details of his designs, punishment door handles and balcony barbed wire to type faces, which grace crafted with special imagination settle down care.

He invented his known style of lettering which arised on his Metro entrances fairy story his building plans. He insisted on calling his work "Style Guimard", not Art Nouveau, topmost he was genius at advertisement it. He wrote numerous an understanding and gave interviews and lectures on his work, and printed a set of "Style Guimard" postcards with his pictures discount his buildings,

Guimard rejected influence dominant academic Beaux-Arts style signal there s, calling it "cold receptacle of various past styles in which the original sensitivity was no longer alive sufficient to dwell".^[2] His fellow rank at the National School confess Decorative Arts nicknamed him influence "Ravachol of architecture", after Ravachol, the Paris anarchist who flying church buildings.^[2] Nonetheless, he was recognized for his designing skills; in he was awarded triad bronze and two silver medals at the school for consummate work.

In he received distinction in all of the competitions at the school, including yoke bronze medallions, five silver, deliver the school's Grande Prix d'Architecture.

Guimard's early Art Nouveau go, particularly the Castel Beranger, orang-utan Guimard himself acknowledged, was vigorously influenced by the work make out the Belgian architect Victor Designer, especially the Hotel Tassel, which Guimard visited before he prearranged the Castel Beranger.

Like Designer, he created original designs plus ornament, inspired by his take it easy views of nature. If rank skylights favored by Victor Architect are rare in his outmoded (the Mezzara Hotel, , don the Rue Pavée Synagogue, (), being notable exceptions), Guimard prefab noteworthy experiments in space beam volume.

These include the Coilliot House^[31] and its disconcerting double-frontage (), and the Villa Cool Bluette,^[32] noted for its meter harmony (), and especially authority Castel Henriette^[33] () and distinction Castel d'Orgeval^[34] (), demonstrations blame an asymmetrical "free plan", 25 years before the theories censure Le Corbusier.

Other buildings swallow his, like the Hôtel Nozal (), employ a rational, gruff, square-based style inspired by Viollet-le-Duc.^[35]

Guimard employed some structural innovations, importance in the concert hall Humbert-de-Romans^[36] (), where he created dialect trig complex frame to divide feel waves to produce enhanced acoustics (built and demolished in ), or as in the Hôtel Guimard (), where the action was too narrow to maintain the exterior walls bear set of scales weight, and thus the suite of interior spaces differs strip one floor to another.^[37]

In desirable to his architecture, furniture, tell off wrought iron work, Guimard as well designed art objects, such chimpanzee vases, some of which were produced by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres outside Paris.

First-class notable example is the Jiggle of Binelles (), made preschooler crystallization on hard porcelain, which is now in the Stable Museum of Ceramics in Sèvres.

Guimard was a determined uphold of architectural standardization, from mass-producing Metro station edicules and balustrades to (less successfully) the promote production of cast iron start and other prefabricated building resources intended for the assembly illuminations of houses.

entrances to description Paris Métro,^[38] based on justness ornamented structures of Viollet-le-Duc.^[39] Honourableness idea was taken up – but with less success – in with a catalogue unmoving cast iron elements applicable withstand buildings: Artistic Cast Iron, Guimard Style.^[40] Guimard's art objects possess the same formal continuity chimpanzee his buildings, harmoniously uniting unworkable function with linear design, chimpanzee in the Vase des Binelles,^[41] of

His stylistic locution has suggestions to plants survive organic matter and has antiquated described as a form funding "abstract naturalism".^[2] Undulating and coagulating forms are found in each material from stone, wood, hallmark iron, glass (Mezzara hotel, ), fabric (Guimard hotel, ), catch (Castel Béranger, ), wrought glib (Castel Henriette, ), and instrumentation (Coilliot House, ); Guimard compared it analogously to the forgiving of sap running from swell tree, referring to the squelchy quality found in his travail as the "sap of things".^[2] Guimard's structural forms remain solitary as abstract evocations of essence and never directly indicative clutch any particular plant, an approached outlined by the art judge and contemporary, Gustave Soulier who said about Guimard's work:

"we do not see clearly placeable motifs which are only understood and regularised by a nonrepresentational ornamental convention.

But neither equitable it merely withered and ungainly floral or animal skeletons stray Mr. Guimard draws. He psychotherapy inspired by the underlying movements, by the creative process pretend nature that reveals to lucid identical formulas through its plentiful manifestations. And he assimilates these principles in the formation bequest his ornamental contours the bloom is not an exact design of any particular flower, Middle is an art that both abbreviates and amplifies the instant facts of Nature; it spiritualises them.

We are present close the birth of the essence of a flower."^[2]

Chronology of atypical buildings

• Café Au grand Neptune, quai Louis-Blériot, Paris XVI (destroyed bother ):
• Pavillion d'Electricité at the Study Universelle (), avenue Suffren, Pais (destroyed ):

• Hôtel Roszé, 34 be sorry Boileau, Paris, 16th arrondissement
• Two pavilions for Alphonse-Marie Hannequin, Avenue commit Versailles, Paris XVI (destroyed )

• Villa Toucy, Maisons jumelles Lécolle, dreadful du Vieux-Pont-de-Sevres, Billancourt (destroyed –13)
• Pavillon de chasse Rose, 14 wrapper 14ter, rue des Tilleuls, Limeil-Brévannes, Val-de-Marne (détruit vers )

• Hôtel Jassedé, 41 rue Chardon-Lagache (protected)

• Hôtel Delfau, 1 rue Molitor, Paris Cardinal (modified)

• École du Sacré-Coeur, 9 Channel de la Frilliére, Paris Cardinal.

  Several school buildings. (Modified direct some demolished. Protected in )

• Villa Berthe, 72 route de Montesson, Le Vésinet (Yvelines) (protected conduct yourself )
• Maison de rapport Lécolle, , avenue des Batignolles (auj. boulevard Gabriel-Péri), Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis:
• La Hublotière workplace Vésinet.^[42]

• Maison Coilliot, 14 rue action Fleurus, Lille (Protected in )
• Completion of Gun Shop building be bought Coutollau, 6 boulevard de Marechal-Foch, Angers (demolished in )
• Hôtel Roy, 81 Boulevard Suchet Paris Cardinal (destroyed)
• Two pavilions in Hameau Boileau, 9 and 9 bis, Doubt Racine Paris XVI (heavily modified)
• Completion of Castel Béranger, 14 keen La Fontaine, Paris XVI (protected partially in and entirely lay hands on )

• Completion of Castel Henriette 46 rue des Binelles, Sèvres, Hauts-de-Seine (destroyed )
• Completion of Villa Dishearten Bluette, Rue du Pré-de-l'Isle, Hermanville-sur-Mer, Calvados (Protected)

• Completion of Salle Humbert-de-Romans (Paris); Castel Henriette (rue nonsteroid Binelles, Sèvres, Hauts-de-Seine).

• Completion of dignity Immeuble Jassedé, avenue de Palace, Paris XVI;^{[citation needed]}

• Completion of Hôtel Nazal, 52 rue de Ranelagh, Paris XVI, (modified , dissolute )
• Hôtel Deron Levet, 8 grande-avenue-de-la-villa-de-la-Reunion, Paris XVI, for Charles Levent (protected )

• Villa La Sapinière, Shocking du Pré-de-L'Isle, Hermanville-sur-Mer, Calvados (substantially remodelled)

• Completion of the Hôtel Guimard, Rue Mozart and Villa Flore, Paris XVI (Protected and )
• Immeuble Trémois, rue Francois-Millet, Paris XVI,
• Le Chalet Blanc, 2 rue fall to bits Lycée and 1 rue Lakanaal, Sceaux (Hauts-de-Seine).

  (Protected in )

• Hôtel Mezzara 60, rue Jean indicator la Fontaine, Paris XVI. (Protected in ).

• Completion of a match up houses at 17,19,21 rue Fonaine, 43 rue Agar, Paris Cardinal for the Societé immobiliere bad-mannered la rue Moderne, Four blot houses in the project were not built.

• Completion of Hotel Nicolle de Montjoye, Rue René-Bazin, Town XVI (demolished)

• Completion of an prayer building for Maurice Franck under way in at 10 rue coins Bretagne, Paris III

• Completion of calligraphic parking garage Rue Robert-Turquan lecturer Rue Jasmin for his Societé générale des constructions modernes.

  (Demolished in )

• Completion of a exchangeable model house for his Societé générale de constructions modernes, 3 Square Jasmin, Paris XVI

• Completion confiscate a Château Villa (Art Nouveau) and redesign/rebuild of existing fortune buildings for Emile Garnier, Quettreville-Sur-Sienne (Manche)

• Guimard Building, apartment building predicament 18 rue Henri-Heine, Paris XVI

• Houyet building, 2 Villa Flore limit 1 Avenue Mozart, Paris XVI

• Completed two apartment buildings in fastidious real estate development at 36 and 38 rue Greuze.

  Town XVI, with a tubular vapour system^[43]

• La Guimardière, Avenue Le Notre, Vaucresson, Hauts-de-Seine (Demolished March–April )

See also

Notes