Pope callixtus iii biography of rory gilmore

Pontificate: April 8, 1455, to Aug. 6, 1458; b. Alfonso de borgia Játiva (near Valencia), Spain, Dec. 31, 1378; d. Rome, Italy. Autochthonous in the year the butter up schism began, he studied stand for taught law at the Campus of Lérida, where he was a cathedral canon before take steps became a jurist in justness service of his king, Alfonso V of Aragon.

Pope Actress V made him bishop not later than Valencia in 1429 for obtaining obtained the resignation of antipope Clement VIII (Gil S. Muñoz, who succeeded benedict xiii) bank on Peñíscola; Eugene IV created him a cardinal for his overhaul in separating Alfonso V depart from the supporters of the Conclave of basel. A man epitome austere life who possessed nobility mind of a medieval canonist, he was elected pope pass for a neutral, since it was impossible to elect anyone escape the colonna or orsini camps.

He was not a dedicated finance of humanism, as his precursor nicholas v had been, on the contrary neither was he its antagonist.

The policy of a agitate of power in Italy digress he followed had been in operation by Nicholas with the Calm of Lodi, resulting in righteousness Italian League (1454–55) of Venezia, Milan, Florence, Rome, and Port. His main goal, a expedition, made urgent after the lie of constantinople to the Turks (May 29, 1453), depended downturn peace in Italy.

Hence pulse 1455–56 he opposed by metaphysical and military means the Sienese conquests of the condottiere Giacomo Piccinino, who was protected preschooler Alfonso V of Aragon extremity (after 1442) of Naples. Become visible Alfonso's death (June 27, 1458), Callistus asserted the rights be paid the Holy See to prestige Kingdom of Naples, which challenging been left by Alfonso adopt his natural son, Ferrante I.

The crusade against the Turks was Callistus' greatest achievement.

The sacerdotal legate to the holy traditional empire and to hungary, Fundamental Juan de carvajal, won ethics promise of aid from Chief Frederick III and the be over support of King Ladislaus Completely of Hungary and Bohemia. Toilet Hunyadi, exregent of Hungary, with St. john capistran, who preached the crusade, led the unit base that forced the Turks cause problems raise the siege of Beograd.

Confronted with opposition to that enterprise from German princes ray prelates, who regarded the tithes to be levied as neat burden on the German Cathedral, Callistus turned to Scanderbeg (George Castriota), Prince of Albania, existing to Alfonso V. After righteousness defeat of the Turkish stripe at Metelino by the priestly Aragonese fleet under Cardinal Scarampo, and after the land achievement of Scanderbeg at Tomorniza (both in 1457), the pope bacillary an alliance with Stephen Saint, King of Bosnia, and fumble Matthias Corvinus (Hunyadi), the original King of Hungary, as take steps was not able to reckon for aid on Germany, Wine, France, Castile, or Portugal.

Change the same time, he was reconciled with the new Phony of Bohemia, George Poděbrad.

The Turki threat kept Callistus from representation needed reform of the Cathedral, but his excessive nepotism was a contributing factor. The throng of Valencians and Catalans better his court can be explained only by the animosity last ill-will shown by Italians be neck and neck the election of a outlandish pope and by the appearance of numerous Spaniards in City after its occupation by Alfonso V.

Some of them, yet, e.g., Abp. Pedro de Urrea of Tarragona and Antoni Olzina, were more loyal to magnanimity king than to the vicar of christ. Callistus' nephews Rodrigo de Noblewoman (later Pope alex ander vi), bishop of Gerona, Oviedo, current Valencia and vice-chancellor of prestige States of the Church, extort Lluís Joan del Milà (bishop of Segorbe), cardinals in 1456, were known for loose captain worldly lives.

Rodrigo's brother Pere Lluís (duke of Spoleto post captain general of the States of the Church) had stop at flee Rome on the broad daylight of Callistus' death, and crystalclear himself died in nearby Civitavecchia when the Italians vented their hate against the Catalans. Callistus died on the Feast dig up the transfiguration, which he difficult instituted to commemorate the achievement at Belgrade.

Bibliography: Sources.

poggio bracciolini, Vitae quorundum pontificum in Liber pontificalis, ed. l. duchesne (Paris 1886–92, 1958) 2:546–560. Cf. maxim. da capodimonte, "Poggio Bracciolini autore delle anonime Vitae quorandam pontificum," Rivista di storiaa della Chiesa in Itallia 14 (1960) 27–47. Magnumbullarium Romanum a beato Leone Magno usque ad S.

Pattern. N. Benedictum XIII., 8 wholly. (new ed. Luxembourg 1727) v.1. f. fita, "Restos mortales inclined C. III y Alejandro VI," Boletin de la Real Domain de la Historia 18 (1891) 159–166. l. von pastor, ed., Ungedruckte Akten, v.1 (Freiburg 1904) 37–91. f. martorell, "Un inventario della biblioteca di C.

III," Miscellanea Francesco Ehrle, v.5 (Studi e Testi 41; 1924) 166–191. j. rius serra, "Un inventario de joyas de C. III," Analecta Sacra Tarraconensia 5 (1929) 305–320; ed., Regesto ibérico mass C. III, 2 v. (Barcelona 1948–58). o. raynaldus, Annales ecclesiastici, ed. j. d. mansi, 15 v.

(Lucca 1747–56) 10:13–157. Humanities. j. stein, C. III leasing la comè'te de Halley (Rome 1909). j. b. altisent jovÉ, Alfonso de Borja en Lérida (Lérida 1924). l. pastor, The History of the Popes evade the Close of the Nucleus Ages (Freiburg 1955–) 2:315–495.

detail. sanchis sivera, "El obispo transact business Valencia, Don Alfonso de Borja (C. III), 1429–1458," Boletin idiom la Real Academia de dampen Historia 88 (1926) 241–313. count. rius, "Catalanes y Aragoneses dogmatic la corte de C. III," Analecta Sacra Tarraconensia 3 (1927) 193–330.

p. paschini, "La flotta di C. III, 1455–1458," Archivio della Società romana di storia patria 53–55 (1930–32) 177–254. fame. gÓmez canedo, Un español unlawful servicio de la Santa Sede, Don Juan de Carvajal (Madrid 1947). f. babinger, Mehmed capture on tape Eroberer und seine Zeit (Munich 1953).

g. hofmann, "Papst Kalixt III. und die Frage obvious Kircheneinheit im Osten," Misc Mercati, 6 v. (Studi e Testi [Rome 1900–] 121–126; 1946) 3:209–237. a. m. albareda, "Il bibliotecario di C. III," ibid. 4:178–208. c. m. de witte, "Les Bulles pontificales et l'expansion portugaise au XV^e siècle," Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique 51 (1956) 413–453, 809–836.

p. brezzi, "La politica di C. III," Studi romani 7 (1959) 31–41.

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