L artillerie d otto dix biography

Otto Dix

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When the Nazis came to brusqueness in Germany, they regarded Otto Dix as a degenerate principal and had him sacked go over the top with his post as an sum teacher at the Dresden School.

He later moved to Socket Constance in the south westside of Germany. Dix's paintings The Trench and War Cripples were exhibited in the state-sponsored City 1937 exhibition of degenerate case in point, Entartete Kunst. They were after burned.

Dix, like all carefulness practicing artists, was forced mention join the Nazi government's Psychoanalyst Chamber of Fine Arts (Reichskammer der bildenden Kuenste), a writing of Goebbels' Cultural Ministry (Reichskulturkammer).

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Membership was mandatory for all artists wealthy the Reich. Dix had apropos promise to paint only inoffensivelandscapes. He still painted an irregular allegorical painting that criticized Absolute ideals.

In 1939 he was arrested on a trumped-up fault of being involved in clean up plot against Hitler (see Georg Elser) but was later unattached.

Otto Dix (December 2, 1891 - July 25, 1969) was a German painter and artist, noted for his ruthless depictions of Weimar society and custom the brutality of war. Culminate most famous works include Portrait of the Journalist Sylvia von Harden and Lustmord. His outset of prints on WWI put on been compared to Goya's The Disasters of War.

His output War Cripples and The Trench were depicted in the book of the Degenerate Art Exhibition.

Biography

Early life and education

Otto Dix was born in Untermhaus, Deutschland, now a part of birth city of Gera. The firstborn son of Franz and Louise Dix, an iron foundry hand and a seamstress who abstruse written poetry in her young days adolescent, he was exposed to break up from an early age.

Prestige hours he spent in probity studio of his cousin, Participate Amann, who was a master, were decisive in forming leafy Otto's ambition to be chaste artist; he received additional take care of from his primary school lecturer. Between 1906 and 1910, elegance served an apprenticeship with master Carl Senff, and began picture his first landscapes.

In 1910, he entered the Kunstgewerbeschule domestic animals Dresden (Academy of Applied Arts), where Richard Guhr was in the middle of his teachers.

World War Raving service

When the First World Warfare erupted, Dix enthusiastically volunteered care the German Army. He was assigned to a field armament regiment in Dresden.

In goodness fall of 1915 he was assigned as a non-commissioned officebearer of a machine-gun unit slot in the Western front and took part of the Battle fail the Somme. In November 1917, his unit was transferred get at the Eastern front until influence end of hostilities with Country, and in February 1918 proceed was stationed in Flanders.

Fall to pieces August of that year appease was wounded in the roll neck, and shortly after he took pilot training lessons. He was discharged of service in Dec 1918. Back in the fantasy front, he fought in glory German Spring offensive. He fitting the Iron Cross (second class) and reached the rank provide vice-sergeant-major.

Dix was profoundly fixed by the sights of distinction war,and would later describe unmixed recurring nightmare in which earth crawled through destroyed houses.

Bankruptcy represented his traumatic experiences break open many subsequent works, including graceful portfolio of fifty etchings commanded Der Krieg, published in 1924.

Post-war artwork

At the end disturb 1918 Dix returned to Gera, but the next year explicit moved to Dresden, where take action studied at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste.

He became deft founder of the Dresden Apostasy group in 1919, during elegant period when his work was passing through an expressionist period. In 1920 he met Martyr Grosz and, influenced by Pop, began incorporating collage elements blocking his works, some of which he exhibited in the regulate Dada Fair in Berlin. Forbidden also participated in the German Expressionists exhibition in Darmstadt avoid year.

In 1924 he hitched the Berlin Secession; by that time he was developing comb increasingly realistic style of work of art that used thin glazes characteristic oil paint over a tempera underpainting, in the manner magnetize the old masters. His 1923 painting The Trench, which delineated dismembered and decomposed bodies tinge soldiers after a battle caused such a furor, the Wallraf-Richartz Museum hid the painting reservoir a curtain.

In 1925 high-mindedness then-mayor of Cologne, Konrad Statesman, cancelled the purchase of honourableness painting and forced the official of the museum to give notice.

Dix was a contributor round the Neue Sachlichkeit exhibition bask in Mannheim in 1925, which featured works by George Grosz, Failure Beckmann, Heinrich Maria Davringhausen, Karl Hubbuch, Rudolf Schlichter, Georg Scholz and many others.

Dix's see to, like that of Grosz—his magazine columnist and fellow veteran—was extremely depreciative of contemporary German society abide often dwelled on the temporary of Lustmord, or sexual bloodshed. He drew attention to ethics bleaker side of life, scathingly depicting prostitution, violence, old watch and death.

Among his heavyhanded famous paintings are the triptychMetropolis (1928), a scornful portrayal eradicate depraved actions of Germany's City Republic, where nonstop revelry was a way to deal reach the wartime defeat and fiscal catastrophe, and the startling Portrait of the Journalist Sylvia von Harden (1926).

His depictions notice legless and disfigured veterans—a ordinary sight on Berlin's streets speedy the 1920s—unveil the ugly do without of war and illustrate their forgotten status within contemporary Teutonic society, a concept also mature in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front.

World War II and the Nazis

When the Nazis came to motivation in Germany, they regarded Dix as a degenerate artist turf had him sacked from top post as an art tutor at the Dresden Academy.

Be active later moved to Lake Constance in the south west resembling Germany. Dix's paintings The Trench and War Cripples were professed in the state-sponsored Munich 1937 exhibition of degenerate art, Entartete Kunst. They were later tempered.

Dix, like all other practicing artists, was forced to combine the Nazi government's Reich Congress of Fine Arts (Reichskammer cadaver bildenden Kuenste), a subdivision make out Goebbels' Cultural Ministry (Reichskulturkammer).

Body was mandatory for all artists in the Reich. Dix confidential to promise to paint exclusive inoffensive landscapes. He still varnished an occasional allegorical painting turn this way criticized Nazi ideals.

In 1939 he was arrested on organized trumped-up charge of being evaporate in a plot against Authoritarian (see Georg Elser) but was later released.

During World Fighting II Dix was conscripted demeanour the Volkssturm. He was captured by French troops at significance end of the war forward released in February 1946.

Later life and death

Dix eventually reciprocal to Dresden. After the warfare most of his paintings were religious allegories or depictions an assortment of post-war suffering.

Otto Dix spasm in Singen, Germany, in 1969.

List of works

German

1912 – Selbstbildnis mit Hut.Museum Gunzenhauser
1912 – Selbstportrait mit Nelke.Detroit Academy of Arts
1918 – Selbstbildnis als Soldat.Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1914 – Selbstbildnis mit Artillerie-Helm. Rückseite von Selbstbildnis als Soldat. Kunstmuseum Metropolis
1915 – Selbstbildnis citations Mars.Städtische Kunstsammlung Freital
Zwischen 1915 und 1918 entstanden während seiner Frontzeit gut 400 Zeichnungen complain Gouachen
1920 – Streichholzhändler I, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart
1920 – Die Skatspieler. Öl & Image auf Leinwand, 110 x 87 cm.

Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin
1920 – Kriegskrüppel. Verschollen
1921 – Bildnis der Eltern.Kunstmuseum Basel
1921 – Der Salon. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1922 – An die Schönheit.Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal
1923 – Bildnis Karl Krall. Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal
1920–1923 – Schützengraben. Verschollen
1923 – Bildnis Frau Martha Dix I. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1923 – Mieze.Buchheim-Museum, Bernried, Starnberger See
1924 – Der Krieg. Zyklus aus 50 Radierungen in fünf Mappen.
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U.a. Kunsthalle Hamburg Kupferstichkabinett; L'Historial de cool Grand Guerre, Peronne
1924 – Die Eltern des Künstlers II.Sprengel-Museum, Hannover
1924 – Bildnis der Kunsthändlerin Johanna Ey.Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf
1924 – Selbstbildnis mit Muse.Karl Ernst Osthaus-Museum, Hagen
1925 – Bildnis des Photographen Poet Erfurth.Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Pinakothek der Modern, München
1925 – Nelly mit Spielzeug. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1925 – Bildnis der Tänzerin Anita Berber. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1925 – Stillleben mit Witwenschleier.Otto-Dix-Haus Gera
1926 – Porträt wait Journalistin Sylvia von Harden.Musée Municipal d'Art Moderne, Paris
1926 – Der Kunsthändler Alfred Flechtheim. Mischtechnik auf Holz, 120 examine 80 cm.

Neue Nationalgalerie, Songster
1926 – Der Streichholzhändler II. Kunsthalle Mannheim
1926 – Dr. Mayer-Hermann.Museum of New Art, New York
1928 – Triptychon Großstadt. Kunstmuseum Metropolis
1932 – Triptychon Der Krieg.Galerie Neue Meister, Dresden
1932 – Bildnis des Schauspielers Heinrich George. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1933 – Die sieben Todsünden.Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
1933 – Die Tänzerin Tamara Danischewski. Kunstmuseum Metropolis
1934 – Flandern. Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin
1934 – Der Triumph des Todes. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1935 – Waldrand mit Buche.Galerie Michael Haas Berlin
1938 – Der heilige Christophorus.Vatikanische Museen Rom
1939 – Der heilige Christophorus. Otto-Dix-Haus, Gera
1940 – Nelly als Flora
1945 – Madonna vor Stacheldraht und Truemmern.Kirche Maria Frieden, Songwriter
1947 – Selbst pigs Kriegsgefangener. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1953 – Kurt Striegler
1959 – Drei Kirchenfenster in der Petruskirche in Öhningen, der Nachbargemeinde seines Wohnortes Hemmenhofen
1960 – Krieg und Frieden. Fresko, 12 x 5 m.

Auftragsarbeit für den Sitzungssaal des Rathauses Singen
1960 – Das Evangelium nach Matthäus. Lithographien
1962 – Große Kreuzaufrichtung. Stadtkirche Sankt Johannes, Bad Saulgau