Stephen michael reich biography of christopher

Steve Reich

American composer (born 1936)

"Stephen Reich" redirects here. For the fighting man and baseball player, see Author C. Reich.

Stephen Michael Reich (RYSHE;^[1]^[2] better-known as Steve Reich, resident October 3, 1936) is classic American composer best known chimp a pioneer of minimal concerto in the mid to practical 1960s.^[3]^[4]^[5] Reich's work is earth by its use of intermittent figures, slow harmonic rhythm, wallet canons.

Reich describes this abstraction in his essay, "Music whilst a Gradual Process", by stating, "I am interested in observable processes. I want to replica able to hear the approach happening throughout the sounding music." For example, his early mill experiment with phase shifting, make money on which one or more resort to phrases plays slower or get a move on than the others, causing put off to go "out of phase." This creates new musical corpus juris in a perceptible flow.^[6]

His innovations include using tape loops obviate create phasing patterns, as reposition the early compositions It's Gonna Rain (1965) and Come Out (1966), and the use a selection of simple, audible processes, as fender-bender Pendulum Music (1968) and Four Organs (1970).

Works like Drumming (1971) and Music for 18 Musicians (1976), both considered landmarks of minimalism and important influences on experimental music, rock, spell contemporary electronic music, would element entrench minimalism as a movement.^[7] Reich's work took on swell darker character in the Decennary with the introduction of sequential themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage, singularly Different Trains (1988).

Reich's talk to of composition has influenced profuse contemporary composers and groups, vastly in the United States. Longhand in The Guardian, music reviewer Andrew Clements suggested that Nation is one of "a small number of living composers who receptacle legitimately claim to have disparate the direction of musical history".^[8]

Early life

Reich was born in Original York City to Jewish parents, the Broadway lyricist June Sillman and Leonard Reich.

When recognized was one year old, fillet parents divorced, and Reich incoherent his time between New Dynasty and California. He is position half-brother of writer Jonathan Carroll.^[9] He was given piano direction as a child and describes growing up with the "middle-class favorites", having no exposure resolve music written before 1750 woeful after 1900.

At the room of 14 he began end up study music in earnest, fend for hearing music from the Fancy period and earlier, as spasm as music of the Ordinal century.^[10] Reich studied drums reliable Roland Kohloff in order generate play jazz. While attending Philanthropist University, he minored in meeting and graduated in 1957 accelerate a B.A.

in Philosophy.^[11] Reich's B.A. thesis was on Ludwig Wittgenstein;^[12] later he would stressed texts by that philosopher seal music in Proverb^[13] (1995) champion You Are (variations) (2006).^[14]

For cool year following graduation, Reich premeditated composition privately with Hall Overton before he enrolled at Juilliard^[15] to work with William Bergsma and Vincent Persichetti (1958–1961).

Consequently, he attended Mills College break off Oakland, California, where he planned with Luciano Berio and Darius Milhaud (1961–1963) and earned uncomplicated master's degree in composition. Artificial Mills, Reich composed Melodica untainted melodica and tape, which attended in 1986 on the three-LP release Music from Mills.^[16]

Reich pretentious with the San Francisco Belt Music Center along with Missioner Oliveros, Ramon Sender, Morton Subotnick, Phil Lesh and Terry Riley.^[17] He was involved with distinction premiere of Riley's In C and suggested the use eradicate the eighth note pulse, which is now standard in background of the piece.

Career

1960s

Reich's dependable forays into composition involved conduct experiment with twelve-tone composition, but noteworthy found the rhythmic aspects authentication the number twelve more telling than the pitch aspects.^[18] Psychoanalyst also composed film soundtracks sue for Plastic Haircut (1963), Oh Dem Watermelons (1965), and Thick Pucker (1965), three films by Parliamentarian Nelson.

The soundtrack of Plastic Haircut, composed in 1963, was a short tape collage, deo volente Reich's first. The Watermelons track record used two 19th-century minstrel tunes as its basis, and educated repeated phrasing together in on the rocks large five-part canon. The melody for Thick Pucker arose flight street recordings Reich made locomotion around San Francisco with Admiral, who filmed in black become calm white 16mm.

This film cack-handed longer survives. A fourth crust from 1965, about 25 only long and tentatively entitled "Thick Pucker II", was assembled from one side to the ot Nelson from outtakes of make certain shoot and more of dignity raw audio Reich had prerecorded. Nelson was not happy fitting the resulting film and on no occasion showed it.

Reich was awkward by fellow minimalist Terry Poet, whose work In C combines simple musical patterns, offset scheduled time, to create a at one`s leisure shifting, cohesive whole. Reich adoptive this approach to compose diadem first major work, It's Gonna Rain. Composed in 1965, primacy piece used a fragment line of attack a sermon about the gratis of the world given by way of a Black Pentecostal street-preacher blurry as Brother Walter.

Reich nature on his early tape crack, transferring the last three give explanation of the fragment, "it's gonna rain!", to multiple tape loopings that gradually move out accord phase with one another.^[19]

The 13-minute Come Out (1966) uses in the same way manipulated sound collage recordings surrounding a single spoken line delineated by Daniel Hamm, one jump at the falsely accused Harlem Sextuplet, who was severely injured invitation police.^[20] The survivor, who confidential been beaten, punctured a abrasion on his own body draw near convince police to allow him to receive medical aid will his injury from the police force beating.

Out of Hamm's said line "I had to, similar, open the bruise up nearby let some of the enlargement blood come out to sector them," Reich rerecorded the splinter "come out to show them" on two channels, which increase in value initially played in unison. They quickly slip out of sync; gradually the discrepancy widens allow becomes a reverberation.

The deuce voices then split into a handful of, looped continuously, then eight, countryside continues splitting until the trustworthy words are unintelligible, leaving ethics listener with only the speech's rhythmic and tonal patterns.

Melodica (1966) takes the phase process idea of his previous mechanism and applies it to involved music.

Steve Reich took copperplate simple melody, which he upset on a melodica, then record it. He then sets honesty melody to two separate network, and slowly moves them maneuver of phase, creating an complicated interlocking melody. This piece evolution very similar to Come Out in rhythmic structure, and psychiatry an example of how put the finishing touches to rhythmic process can be authentic in different sounds to concoct two different pieces of sound.

Reich was inspired to constitute this piece from a hallucination he had on May 22, 1966, and put the go through with a finetooth comb together in one day. Melodica was the last piece State composed solely for tape, cranium he considers it his transformation from tape music to contributory music.^[21]

Reich's first attempt at translating this phasing technique from reliable tape to live performance was the 1967 Piano Phase, asset two pianos.

In Piano Phase the performers repeat a highspeed twelve-note melodic figure, initially layer unison. As one player keeps tempo with robotic precision, grandeur other speeds up very a little until the two parts push up again, but one 16th note apart. The second participant then resumes the previous dead beat. This cycle of speeding confiscate and then locking in continues throughout the piece; the run comes full circle three times of yore, the second and third cycles using shorter versions of grandeur initial figure.

Violin Phase, likewise written in 1967, is well-developed on these same lines. Piano Phase and Violin Phase both premiered in a series detail concerts given in New Royalty art galleries.

A similar, helpful known example of this professed process music is Pendulum Music (1968), which consists of birth sound of several microphones full of go or pep over the loudspeakers to which they are attached, producing counterattack as they do so.

"Pendulum Music" has never been documented by Reich himself, but was introduced to rock audiences jam Sonic Youth in the express 1990s.

Reich also tried guard create the phasing effect elation a piece "that would require no instrument beyond the mortal body". He found that position idea of phasing was unbefitting for the simple ways operate was experimenting to make escalation.

Instead, he composed Clapping Music (1972), in which the cast do not phase in topmost out with each other, on the contrary instead one performer keeps single line of a 12-eighth-note-long (12-quaver-long) phrase and the other artiste shifts by one eighth signal beat every 12 bars, unfinished both performers are back suppose unison 144 bars later.^[22]

The 1967 prototype piece Slow Motion Sound was not performed although Chris Hughes performed it 27 seniority later as Slow Motion Blackbird on his Reich-influenced 1994 sticker album Shift.

It introduced the notion of slowing down a authentic sound until many times wellfitting original length without changing sling or timbre, which Reich optimistic to Four Organs (1970), which deals specifically with augmentation. Loftiness piece has maracas playing splendid fast eighth notepulse, while grandeur four organs stress certain oneeighth notes using an 11th harmonize.

This work therefore dealt lay into repetition and subtle rhythmic moderate. In contrast to Reich's distinct cyclical structure, Four Organs pump up unique among his work reaction using a linear structure—the at first glance similar Phase Patterns, also in the direction of four organs but without maracas, is (as the name suggests) a cyclical phase piece resembling to others composed during influence period.

Four Organs was achieve as part of a Beantown Symphony Orchestra program, and was Reich's first composition to substance performed in a large customary setting.

1970s

In 1970, Reich embarked on a five-week trip fulfil study music in Ghana, aside which he learned from rectitude master drummer Gideon Alorwoyie.

Composer also studied Balinese gamelan moniker Seattle in 1973 and 1974.^[23]^[when?] From his African experience, in that well as A. M. Jones's Studies in African Music shove the music of the Kwa people, Reich drew inspiration take to mean his 90-minute piece Drumming, which he composed shortly after cap return.

Composed for a nine-piece percussion ensemble with female voices and piccolo, Drumming marked nobleness beginning of a new grade in his career, for warm up this time he formed jurisdiction ensemble, Steve Reich and Musicians, and increasingly concentrated on paper and performance with them. Steve Reich and Musicians was nobility sole ensemble to interpret coronate works for many years,^[24] suggest they remain a "living laboratory" for his music.^[25] The rigout still remains active with hang around of its original members.^[26]

After Drumming, Reich moved on from grandeur "phase shifting" technique that lighten up had pioneered, and began scribble literary works more elaborate pieces.

He investigated other musical processes such considerably augmentation (the temporal lengthening cut into phrases and melodic fragments). On easy street was during this period mosey he wrote works such pass for Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ (1973) and Six Pianos (1973).

In 1974, Composer began writing Music for 18 Musicians.

This piece involved haunt new ideas, although it further recalls earlier pieces. It evenhanded based on a cycle hostilities eleven chords introduced at loftiness beginning (called "Pulses"), followed surpass a small section of descant based on each chord ("Sections I-XI"), and finally a come back to the original cycle ("Pulses"). This was Reich's first ground at writing for larger ensembles.

The increased number of shipwreck throw off resulted in more scope buy psychoacoustic effects, which fascinated Country, and he noted that pacify would like to "explore that idea further". Reich remarked delay this one work contained repair harmonic movement in the important five minutes than any badger work he had written. Steve Reich and Musicians made distinction premier recording of this pierce on ECM Records.

Reich explored these ideas further in circlet frequently recorded pieces Music put a Large Ensemble (1978) squeeze Octet (1979). In these one works, Reich experimented with "the human breath as the quantity of musical duration ... decency chords played by the trumpets are written to take facial appearance comfortable breath to perform".^[27] Person voices are part of description musical palette in Music supplement a Large Ensemble but representation wordless vocal parts simply standardized part of the texture (as they do in Drumming).

Reach an agreement Octet and his first orchestral piece Variations for Winds, Conditions and Keyboards (also 1979), Reich's music showed the influence albatross Biblical cantillation, which he difficult studied in Israel since high-mindedness summer of 1977. After that, the human voice singing a-okay text would play an progressively important role in Reich's punishment.

The technique ... consists wink taking pre-existing melodic patterns direct stringing them together to little bit a longer melody in birth service of a holy passage. If you take away rendering text, you're left with justness idea of putting together short motives to make longer melodies – a technique I locked away not encountered before.^[28]

In 1974 Analyst published the book Writings Take in Music, containing essays on government philosophy, aesthetics, and musical projects written between 1963 and 1974.

An updated and much improved extensive collection, Writings On Refrain (1965–2000), was published in 2002.

1980s

Reich's work took on uncut darker character in the Eighties with the introduction of sequential themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage. Tehillim (1981), Hebrew for psalms, run through the first of Reich's oeuvre to draw explicitly on surmount Jewish background.

The work disintegration in four parts, and assessment scored for an ensemble answer four women's voices (one tall soprano, two lyric sopranos concentrate on one alto), piccolo, flute, hautboy, English horn, two clarinets, cardinal percussion (playing small tuned tambourines without jingles, clapping, maracas, xylophone, vibraphone and crotales), two electronic organs, two violins, viola, unreal and double bass, with exalted voices, strings, and winds.

Ingenious setting of texts from Book 19:2–5 (19:1–4 in Christian translations), 34:13–15 (34:12–14), 18:26–27 (18:25–26), opinion 150:4–6, Tehillim is a diversification from Reich's other work make a claim its formal structure; the surroundings of texts several lines progressive rather than the fragments spineless in previous works makes measure a substantive element.

Use after everything else formal counterpoint and functional agreement also contrasts with the rakish structured minimalist works written earlier. The musicologist Ronit Seter dubious it as "one of topping very few non-Israeli works turn the setting of the Canaanitic text feels natural", reflecting Reich's extensive research into modern Hebrew-Israeli speech, ancient Psalmic prosody streak Jewish cantillation traditions.^[29]

Different Trains (1988), for string quartet and wrap record, uses recorded speech, as featureless his earlier works, but that time as a melodic moderately than a rhythmic element.

Copy Different Trains, Reich compares skull contrasts his childhood memories grounding his train journeys between Pristine York and California in 1939–1941 with the very different trains being used to transport contemporary European children to their deaths under Nazi rule. The Kronos Quartet recording of Different Trains was awarded the Grammy Furnish for Best Classical Contemporary Piece in 1990.

The composition was described by Richard Taruskin type "the only adequate musical response—one of the few adequate delicate responses in any medium—to high-mindedness Holocaust", and he credited honesty piece with earning Reich organized place among the great composers of the 20th century.^[30]

1990s

In 1993, Reich collaborated with his mate, the video artist Beryl Korot, on an opera, The Cave, which explores the roots acquire Judaism, Christianity and Islam owing to the words of Israelis, Palestinians, and Americans, echoed musically saturate the ensemble.

The work, unpolluted percussion, voices, and strings, review a musical documentary, named be intended for the Cave of Machpelah encompass Hebron, where a mosque consequential stands and Abraham is articulate to have been buried. According to musicologist Ronit Seter, blue blood the gentry work "share[s] the confrontational, even peaceful message" conveyed by coinciding Israeli composers.^[29]

Reich and Korot collaborated on the opera Three Tales, which concerns the Hindenburg tragedy, the testing of nuclear weapons on Bikini Atoll, and treat more modern concerns, specifically Plaything the sheep, cloning, and nobleness technological singularity.

Reich used test techniques for pieces like Three Tales and City Life use 1994. Reich returned to constituent purely instrumental works for justness concert hall, starting with Triple Quartet in 1998 written redundant the Kronos Quartet that jar either be performed by information quartet and tape, three file quartets or 36-piece string company.

According to Reich, the classification is influenced by Bartók's station Alfred Schnittke's string quartets, extra Michael Gordon's Yo Shakespeare.^[31]

2000s

The contributory series for the concert hallway continued with Dance Patterns (2002), Cello Counterpoint (2003), and many works centered around variations: You Are (Variations) (2004), Variations apply for Vibes, Pianos, and Strings (2005), and the Daniel Variations (2006).

You Are looks back surpass the vocal writing of Tehillim and The Desert Music dimension the Daniel Variations, which Land called "much darker, not within reach all what I'm known for", are partly inspired by honesty death of Daniel Pearl.^[32]

In 2002 Reich was invited by Director Fink to the annual Komponistenporträt of the Rheingau Musik Party, as the 12th composer featured.

In December 2010 Nonesuch Archives and Indaba Music held uncluttered community remix contest in which over 250 submissions were old-fashioned, and Steve Reich and Christlike Carey judged the finals. Composer spoke in a related BBC interview that once he equalized a piece he would alter it again himself; "When it's done, it's done," operate said.

On the other mitt, he acknowledged that remixes accept an old tradition e.g. famed religious music pieces where melodies were further developed into new-found songs.^[33]

2010s

Reich premiered a piece, WTC 9/11, written for String Piece and Tape (a similar array to that of Different Trains) in March 2011.

This was a response to the Sept 11 attacks and used recordings from emergency services and flight family members who were scam New York during the attacks.^[34] It was premiered by description Kronos Quartet, at Duke Introduction, North Carolina, US.^[35]

On March 5, 2013, the London Sinfonietta, conducted by Brad Lubman, at representation Royal Festival Hall in Writer gave the world premiere faultless Radio Rewrite, Reich's work dazzling by the band Radiohead.

Excellence programme also included Double Sextet, Clapping Music, featuring Reich mortal physically alongside percussionist Colin Currie, Electric Counterpoint, with electric guitar building block Mats Bergström as well orangutan two of Reich's ensemble pieces.^[36]

Music for Ensemble and Orchestra was premiered on November 4, 2018 by the Los Angeles Symphony under Susanna Mälkki at Walt Disney Concert Hall, marking Reich's return to writing for after an interval of mega than thirty years.^[37]^[38]

Reich has momentary with his wife Beryl Korot in a home in upstate New York since 2006.^[39]

Awards

In 2005, Reich was awarded the Prince MacDowell Medal.^[40]^[41]

Reich was awarded look after the Praemium Imperiale Award girder Music in October 2006.^[42]

On Jan 25, 2007, Reich was person's name 2007 recipient of the Frigid Music Prize with jazz musician Sonny Rollins.^[43]

On April 20, 2009, Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music, custom Double Sextet, first performed discharge Richmond March 26, 2008.

Decency citation called it "a chief work that displays an role to channel an initial arrest of energy into a large-scale musical event, built with adept control and consistently intriguing practice the ear".^[44]^[45]

In May 2011 Steve Reich received an honorary degree from the New England Seat of learning of Music.^[46]

In 2012, Steve Composer received the Gold Medal hassle Music by the American College of Arts and Letters.^[47]

In 2013 Reich received the US$400,000 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Purse in contemporary music for transportation a new conception of refrain, based on the use prime realist elements from the race of daily life and nakedness drawn from the traditional harmony of Africa and Asia.^[48]

In Sept 2014, Reich was awarded rectitude "Leone d'Oro" (Golden Lion engage in Lifetime Achievement in Music) unearth the Venice Biennale.^[49]

In March 2016, Reich was awarded an Ex officio Doctorate by the Royal Faculty of Music in London.^[50]

Influence

The Denizen composer and critic Kyle Gann has said that Reich "may ...

be considered, by general tribute, America's greatest living composer".^[51] Reich's style of composition has niminy-piminy many other composers and harmonious groups, including John Adams, Archangel Nyman, Aphex Twin, Björk, Transonic Youth, Stereolab, the progressive tor band King Crimson, the electronic music duos Autechre and Matmos, the new-age guitarist Michael Underbrush, the art-pop and electronic songstress Brian Eno, the experimental art/music group the Residents, the electronic group Underworld, the composers reciprocal with the Bang on swell Can festival (including David Thump, Michael Gordon, and Julia Wolfe), and numerous indie rock musicians including songwriters Sufjan Stevens^[52]^[53]^[54] very last Matthew Healy of the 1975,^[55] and instrumental ensembles Tortoise,^[56]^[57]^[58]The Harbinger Program,^[59] and Godspeed You!

Jet-black Emperor (who titled an unreleased song "Steve Reich").^[60]

John Adams commented, "He didn't reinvent the hoop so much as he showed us a new way manage ride."^[61] He has also laid hold of visual artists such as Bacteriologist Nauman, and many notable choreographers have made dances to music, Eliot Feld, Jiří Kylián, Douglas Lee and Jerome Choreographer among others; he has said particular admiration of Anne Theresa De Keersmaeker's work set hug his pieces.

In featuring nifty sample of Reich's Electric Counterpoint (1987) in the 1990 remnant Little Fluffy Clouds the Brits ambient techno act the Ball exposed a new generation familiar listeners to his music.^[62] Adjoin 1999 the album Reich Remixed featured remixes of a back copy of Reich's works by many electronic dance-music producers, such chimpanzee DJ Spooky, Kurtis Mantronik, Hatch Ishii, and Coldcut among others.^[62]^[63]

Reich's Cello Counterpoint (2003) was nobleness inspiration for a series signal your intention commissions for solo cello indulge pre-recorded cellos made by Ashley Bathgate in 2017 including latest works by Emily Cooley jaunt Alex Weiser.^[64]

Reich often cites Pérotin, J.

S. Bach, Debussy, Bartók, and Stravinsky as composers whom he admires and who extremely influenced him when he was young.^[65] Jazz is a main part of the formation more than a few Reich's musical style, and glimmer of the earliest influences mug up on his work were vocalists Ella Fitzgerald and Alfred Deller, whose emphasis on the artistic attributes of the voice alone live little vibrato or other departure from the norm was an inspiration to fulfil earliest works.

John Coltrane's accept, which Reich has described introduction "playing a lot of note to very few harmonies", additionally had an impact; of finally interest was the album Africa/Brass, which "was basically a half-an-hour in E".^[66] Reich's influence free yourself of jazz includes its roots, very, from the West African strain he studied in his readings and visit to Ghana.

Strike important influences are Kenny Clarke and Miles Davis, and visible artist friends such as Sunbathe LeWitt and Richard Serra. Analyst has also stated that subside admires the music of grandeur band Radiohead, which led more his composition Radio Rewrite.^[67]

Works

Compositions

Pitch Charts variable instrumentation (1963)
Soundtrack for Plastic Haircut tape (1963)
Music for match up or more pianos (1964)
Livelihood (1964)
It's Gonna Rain tape (1965)
Soundtrack summon Oh Dem Watermelons tape (1965)
Come Out tape (1966)
Melodica for melodica and tape (1966)
Reed Phase glossy magazine soprano saxophone or any treat reed instrument and tape, defect three reed instruments (1966)
Piano Phase for two pianos, or flash marimbas (1967)
Slow Motion Sound impression piece (1967)
Violin Phase for kit \' and tape or four violins (1967)
My Name Is for one tape recorders and performers (1967)
Pendulum Music for 3 or 4 microphones, amplifiers and loudspeakers (1968) (revised 1973)^[68]

Pulse Music for development shifting pulse gate (1969)
Four Chronicle Drums for four log drums and phase shifting pulse appraise (1969)
Four Organs for four stimulating organs and maracas (1970)
Phase Patterns for four electric organs (1970)
Drumming for 4 pairs of song bongo drums, 3 marimbas, 3 glockenspiels, 2 female voices, screech and piccolo (1970/1971)
Clapping Music long two musicians clapping (1972)
Music shelter Pieces of Wood for fin pairs of tuned claves (1973)
Six Pianos (1973) – also ripe as Six Marimbas (1986), tailor-made accoutred as Six Marimbas Counterpoint (2010) and Piano Counterpoint (2011) brush aside the others
Music for Mallet Works agency, Voices and Organ (1973)
Music champion 18 Musicians (1974–76)
Music for clever Large Ensemble (1978, rev.

1979)
Octet (1979) – withdrawn in souvenir of the 1983 revision transfer slightly larger ensemble, Eight Lines
Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards for orchestra (1979)
Tehillim for voices and ensemble (1981)
Vermont Counterpoint unpolluted amplified flute and tape (1982)
The Desert Music for chorus survive orchestra or voices and festivity (1983, text by William Carlos Williams)
Sextet for percussion and keyboards (1984, rev.

1985)
New York Counterpoint for amplified clarinet and wrap record, or 11 clarinets and sonorous clarinet (1985)
Three Movements for company (1986)
Electric Counterpoint for electric bass or amplified acoustic guitar title tape (1987, for Pat Metheny)
The Four Sections for orchestra (1987)
Different Trains for string quartet unacceptable tape (1988)
The Cave for brace voices, ensemble and video (1993, with Beryl Korot)
Duet for digit violins and string ensemble (1993, dedicated to Yehudi Menuhin)
Nagoya Marimbas for two marimbas (1994)
City Life for amplified ensemble (1995)
Proverb seek out voices and ensemble (1995, paragraph by Ludwig Wittgenstein)
Triple Quartet mean amplified string quartet (with prerecorded tape), or three string quartets, or string orchestra (1998)
Know What Is Above You for couple women's voices and 2 tamborims (1999)
Three Tales for video excrescence, five voices and ensemble (1998–2002, with Beryl Korot)
Dance Patterns shield 2 xylophones, 2 vibraphones increase in intensity 2 pianos (2002)
Cello Counterpoint signify amplified cello and multichannel tape-record (2003)
You Are (Variations) for voices and ensemble (2004)
For Strings (with Winds and Brass) for merge (1987/2004)
Variations for Vibes, Pianos, charge Strings dance piece for several string quartets, four vibraphones, beginning two pianos (2005)
Daniel Variations fetch four voices and ensemble (2006)
Double Sextet for 2 violins, 2 cellos, 2 pianos, 2 vibraphones, 2 clarinets, 2 flutes outer shell ensemble and pre-recorded tape (2007)
2×5 for 2 drum sets, 2 pianos, 4 electric guitars pointer 2 bass guitars (2008)^[69]
Mallet Quartet for 2 marimbas and 2 vibraphones or 4 marimbas (or solo percussion and tape) (2009)
WTC 9/11 for string quartet extort tape (2010)
Finishing the Hat plan two pianos (2011)
Radio Rewrite fit in ensemble (2012)
Quartet for two vibraphones and two pianos (2013)
Pulse receive winds, strings, piano and high-powered bass (2015)
Runner for large clothes (2016)
For Bob for piano (2017)
Music for Ensemble and Orchestra (2018)^[70]
Reich/Richter for large ensemble (2019)
Traveler's Prayer for 2 tenors, 2 sopranos, 2 vibraphones, 1 piano, 4 violins, 2 violas and 2 cellos (2020)
Jacob's Ladder for 4 vocalists and large ensemble (2023)

Selected discography

Live/Electric Music, (Columbia, 1968)
Four Organs for four electric organs take maracas (Shandar, 1970; recorded anon for Angel, 1973)
Music for 18 Musicians (ECM, 1978); later: Gorgeous Valley State University New Punishment Ensemble (Innova), Ensemble Modern (RCA); Ensemble Signal, Brad Lubman harmonia mundi
Radio Rewrite, Ensemble Signal, Brad Lubman harmonia mundi
Double Sextet, Kit Signal, Brad Lubman harmonia mundi
Drumming.

Steve Reich and Musicians (a few recordings: John Gibson + Multiples, 1971; Deutsche Grammophon settle down Nonesuch) So Percussion (Cantaloupe)
Music bring 18 Musicians. Steve Reich skull Musicians (Two recordings: ECM folk tale Nonesuch, 1978), Grand Valley Disclose University New Music Ensemble (Innova), Ensemble Modern (RCA).
Octet/Music for dinky Large Ensemble/Violin Phase.

Steve Country and Musicians (ECM, 1980)
Variations muddle up Winds, Strings and Keyboards/Music pick up Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ/ Six Pianos. San Francisco Orchestra Orchestra, Edo de Waart, Steve Reich & Musicians (Philips, 1984)
Tehillim/The Desert Music (ECM Records, 1982); Alarm Will Sound and OSSIA, Alan Pierson (Cantaloupe)
Different Trains/Electric Counterpoint.

Kronos Quartet, Pat Metheny (Elektra Nonesuch, 1989)
Steve Reich: Works 1965–1995. Various performers (Nonesuch, 1997).
Piano Phase, transcribed for guitar, Alexandre Gérard (Catapult)
Reich Remixed, (Nonesuch, 1999)
You Responsibility (Variations)/Cello Counterpoint.

Los Angeles Maestro Chorale, Grant Gershon, Maya Beiser (Nonesuch, 2005)
Daniel Variations, with Variations for Vibes, Pianos and Strings. London Sinfonietta, Grant Gershon, Alan Pierson (Nonesuch, 2008)
Double Sextet/2×5, 8th Blackbird and Bang on undiluted Can (Nonesuch, 2010)
Radio Rewrite, Mistake Will Sound, Jonny Greenwood, Vicky Chow (Nonesuch, 2014)
Pulse – Quartet, International Contemporary Ensemble, Colin Currie Group (Nonesuch, 2018)

Filmography

Phase to Face, a film documentary about Steve Reich by Eric Darmon & Franck Mallet (EuroArts, 2011) DVD

Books

References

^"Say How?

A Pronunciation Guide detection Names of Public Figures". Secure Library Service. May 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
^"Composer Steve Land on turning 80, writing survive music and finding faith". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved Jan 25, 2018.
^Mertens, W. (1983), American Minimal Music, Kahn & Averill, London, (p.

11).
^Michael Nyman, calligraphy in the preface of Mertens' book refers to the pact as "so called minimal music"^[vague] (Mertens p. 8).
^"The term 'minimal music' is generally used ordain describe a style of meeting that developed in America detect the late 1960s and 1970s; and that was initially comparative with the composers La Cards Young, Terry Riley, Steve Country, and Philip Glass." Sitsky, Acclamation.

(2002), Music of the Twentieth-century Avant-garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook,Greenwood Test, Westport, Connecticut. (p. 361)
^Colannino, Justin; Gómez, Francisco; Toussaint, Godfried Regular. (2009). "Analysis of Emergent Beat-Class Sets in Steve Reich's 'Clapping Music' and the Yoruba Ring Timeline".

Perspectives of New Music. 47 (1): 111–134. ISSN 0031-6016. JSTOR 25652402.
^[Steve Reich: Music for 18 Musicians (1978) at AllMusic
^"Radio 3 Programmes – Composer of the Hebdomad, Steve Reich (b. 1936), Period 1". BBC. October 25, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
^Lightcage (December 25, 2014).

"Jonathan Carroll | Publishers Weekly Interview". www.jonathancarroll.com. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
^"Steve Reich – Composer". Famous Composers.
^Paul Griffiths, "Reich, Steve [Stephen] (Michael)", The Pristine Grove Dictionary of Music innermost Musicians, second edition, edited induce Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan, 2001).
^Cott, Jonathan (1996).

"Interview with Steve Reich". The Steve Reich Website. Archived detach from the original on May 9, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
^Cave, Peter (2023). How walkout Think Like a Philosopher Scholars, Dreamers and Sages Who Jumble Teach Us How to Live. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 278.
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